What is biofilm?
Biofilm is a cluster of microorganisms that can form on various surfaces, including the surfaces of teeth and oral mucosa. These microorganisms can cause several diseases and health problems, particularly in the oral cavity. Therefore, it is important to maintain regular oral hygiene, including brushing your teeth and gums, to prevent the formation of biofilms and reduce the risk of these diseases. The same applies to regular visits to the dentist or dental hygienist. Some of the diseases associated with biofilms in the oral cavity include:
- Tooth decay: The bacteria present in biofilms produce acids that can dissolve tooth enamel and cause tooth decay.
- Periodontal disease: Biofilms on the gums and tooth roots can cause gum inflammation, leading to a condition known as periodontal disease or periodontitis. This disease can result in tooth loss and damage to gum and bone tissues.
- Gingivitis: Gingivitis is a gum inflammation caused by biofilms and dental plaque. If left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis.
- Halitosis (bad breath): Bacteria in the oral biofilm can produce gases with an unpleasant odor, leading to bad breath.
- Oral infections: Biofilms can also play a role in various oral infections, including abscesses, infected sores, or infections in their early stages.
- Endocarditis: Rarely, bacteria from the oral biofilm can enter the bloodstream and cause an infection of the heart valves, a condition known as endocarditis.